Learning All About Router

ROUTER COMMANDS

TERMINAL CONTROLS:

· Config# terminal editing - allows for enhanced editing commands

· Config# terminal monitor - shows output on telnet session

· Config# terminal ip netmask-format hexadecimal|bit-count|decimal - changes the format of subnet masks

HOST NAME:

· Config# hostname ROUTER_NAME

BANNER:

· Config# banner motd # TYPE MESSAGE HERE # - # can be substituted for any character, must start and finish the message

DESCRIPTIONS:

· Config# description THIS IS THE SOUTH ROUTER - can be entered at the Config-if level

CLOCK:

· Config# clock timezone Central -6
# clock set hh:mm:ss dd month yyyy - Example: clock set 14:35:00 25 August 2003

CHANGING THE REGISTER:

· Config# config-register 0x2100 - ROM Monitor Mode

· Config# config-register 0x2101 - ROM boot

· Config# config-register 0x2102 - Boot from NVRAM

BOOT SYSTEM:

· Config# boot system tftp FILENAME SERVER_IP - Example: boot system tftp 2600_ios.bin 192.168.14.2

· Config# boot system ROM

· Config# boot system flash - Then - Config# reload

CDP:

· Config# cdp run - Turns CDP on

· Config# cdp holdtime 180 - Sets the time that a device remains. Default is 180

· Config# cdp timer 30 - Sets the update timer.The default is 60

· Config# int Ethernet 0

· Config-if# cdp enable - Enables cdp on the interface

· Config-if# no cdp enable - Disables CDP on the interface

· Config# no cdp run - Turns CDP off

HOST TABLE:

· Config# ip host ROUTER_NAME INT_Address - Example: ip host lab-a 192.168.5.1
-or-

· Config# ip host RTR_NAME INT_ADD1 INT_ADD2 INT_ADD3 - Example: ip host lab-a 192.168.5.1 205.23.4.2 199.2.3.2 - (for e0, s0, s1)

DOMAIN NAME SERVICES:

· Config# ip domain-lookup - Tell router to lookup domain names

· Config# ip name-server 122.22.2.2 - Location of DNS server

· Config# ip domain-name cisco.com - Domain to append to end of names

CLEARING COUNTERS:

· # clear interface Ethernet 0 - Clears counters on the specified interface

· # clear counters - Clears all interface counters

· # clear cdp counters - Clears CDP counters

STATIC ROUTES:

· Config# ip route Net_Add SN_Mask Next_Hop_Add - Example: ip route 192.168.15.0 255.255.255.0 205.5.5.2

· Config# ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 Next_Hop_Add - Default route
-or-

· Config# ip default-network Net_Add - Gateway LAN network

IP ROUTING:

· Config# ip routing - Enabled by default

· Config# router rip
-or-

· Config# router igrp 100

· Config# interface Ethernet 0

· Config-if# ip address 122.2.3.2 255.255.255.0

· Config-if# no shutdown

IPX ROUTING:

· Config# ipx routing

· Config# interface Ethernet 0

· Config# ipx maximum-paths 2 - Maximum equal metric paths used

· Config-if# ipx network 222 encapsulation sap - Also Novell-Ether, SNAP, ARPA on Ethernet. Encapsulation HDLC on serial

· Config-if# no shutdown

ACCESS LISTS:

IP Standard
1-99

IP Extended
100-199

IPX Standard
800-899

IPX Extended
900-999

IPX SAP Filters
1000-1099

IP STANDARD:

· Config# access-list 10 permit 133.2.2.0 0.0.0.255 - allow all src ip’s on network 133.2.2.0
-or-

· Config# access-list 10 permit host 133.2.2.2 - specifies a specific host
-or-

· Config# access-list 10 permit any - allows any address

· Config# int Ethernet 0

· Config-if# ip access-group 10 in - also available: out

IP EXTENDED:

· Config# access-list 101 permit tcp 133.12.0.0 0.0.255.255 122.3.2.0 0.0.0.255 eq telnet
-protocols: tcp, udp, icmp, ip (no sockets then), among others
-source then destination address
-eq, gt, lt for comparison
-sockets can be numeric or name (23 or telnet, 21 or ftp, etc)
-or-

· Config# access-list 101 deny tcp any host 133.2.23.3 eq www
-or-

· Config# access-list 101 permit ip any any

· Config# interface Ethernet 0

· Config-if# ip access-group 101 out

IPX STANDARD:

· Config# access-list 801 permit 233 AA3 - source network/host then destination network/host
-or-

· Config# access-list 801 permit -1 -1 - “-1” is the same as “any” with network/host addresses

· Config# interface Ethernet 0

· Config-if# ipx access-group 801 out

IPX EXTENDED:

· Config# access-list 901 permit sap 4AA all 4BB all
- Permit protocol src_add socket dest_add socket
-“all” includes all sockets, or can use socket numbers
-or-

· Config# access-list 901 permit any any all any all
-Permits any protocol with any address on any socket to go anywhere

· Config# interface Ethernet 0

· Config-if# ipx access-group 901 in

IPX SAP FILTER:

· Config# access-list 1000 permit 4aa 3 - “3” is the service type
-or-

· Config# access-list 1000 permit 4aa 0 - service type of “0” matches all services

· Config# interface Ethernet 0

· Config-if# ipx input-sap-filter 1000 - filter applied to incoming packets
-or-

· Config-if# ipx output-sap-filter 1000 - filter applied to outgoing packets

NAMED ACCESS LISTS:

· Config# ip access-list standard LISTNAME
-can be ip or ipx, standard or extended
-followed by the permit or deny list

· Config# permit any

· Config-if# ip access-group LISTNAME in
-use the list name instead of a list number
-allows for a larger amount of access-lists

PPP SETUP:

· Config-if# encapsulation ppp

· Config-if# ppp authentication chap pap
-order in which they will be used
-only attempted with the authentification listed
-if one fails, then connection is terminated

· Config-if# exit

· Config# username Lab-b password 123456
-username is the router that will be connecting to this one
-only specified routers can connect
-or-

· Config-if# ppp chap hostname ROUTER

· Config-if# ppp chap password 123456
-if this is set on all routers, then any of them can connect to any other
-set same on all for easy configuration

ISDN SETUP:

· Config# isdn switch-type basic-5ess - determined by telecom

· Config# interface serial 0

· Config-if# isdn spid1 2705554564 - isdn “phonenumber” of line 1

· Config-if# isdn spid2 2705554565 - isdn “phonenumber” of line 2

· Config-if# encapsulation PPP - or HDLC, LAPD

DDR - 4 Steps to setting up ISDN with DDR

Configure switch type
Config# isdn switch-type basic-5ess - can be done at interface config
Configure static routes
Config# ip route 123.4.35.0 255.255.255.0 192.3.5.5 - sends traffic destined for 123.4.35.0 to 192.3.5.5
Config# ip route 192.3.5.5 255.255.255.255 bri0 - specifies how to get to network 192.3.5.5 (through bri0)
Configure Interface
Config-if# ip address 192.3.5.5 255.255.255.0
Config-if# no shutdown
Config-if# encapsulation ppp
Config-if# dialer-group 1 - applies dialer-list to this interface
Config-if# dialer map ip 192.3.5.6 name Lab-b 5551212
connect to lab-b at 5551212 with ip 192.3.5.6 if there is interesting traffic
can also use “dialer string 5551212” instead if there is only one router to connect to
Specify interesting traffic
Config# dialer-list 1 ip permit any
-or-
Config# dialer-list 1 ip list 101 - use the access-list 101 as the dialer list
Other Options
Config-if# hold-queue 75 - queue 75 packets before dialing
Config-if# dialer load-threshold 125 either
-load needed before second line is brought up
-“125” is any number 1-255, where % load is x/255 (ie 125/255 is about 50%)
-can check by in, out, or either
Config-if# dialer idle-timeout 180
-determines how long to stay idle before terminating the session
-default is 120
FRAME RELAY SETUP:

· Config# interface serial 0

· Config-if# encapsulation frame-relay - cisco by default, can change to ietf

· Config-if# frame-relay lmi-type cisco - cisco by default, also ansi, q933a

· Config-if# bandwidth 56

· Config-if# interface serial 0.100 point-to-point - subinterface

· Config-if# ip address 122.1.1.1 255.255.255.0

· Config-if# frame-relay interface-dlci 100
-maps the dlci to the interface
-can add BROADCAST and/or IETF at the end

· Config-if# interface serial 1.100 multipoint

· Config-if# no inverse-arp - turns IARP off; good to do

· Config-if# frame-relay map ip 122.1.1.2 48 ietf broadcast
-maps an IP to a dlci (48 in this case)
-required if IARP is turned off
-ietf and broadcast are optional

· Config-if# frame-relay map ip 122.1.1.3 54 broadcast

SHOW COMMANDS

· Show access-lists - all access lists on the router

· Show cdp - cdp timer and holdtime frequency

· Show cdp entry * - same as next

· Show cdp neighbors detail - details of neighbor with ip add and ios version

· Show cdp neighbors - id, local interface, holdtime, capability, platform portid

· Show cdp interface - int’s running cdp and their encapsulation

· Show cdp traffic - cdp packets sent and received

· Show controllers serial 0 - DTE or DCE status

· Show dialer - number of times dialer string has been reached, other stats

· Show flash - files in flash

· Show frame-relay lmi - lmi stats

· Show frame-relay map - static and dynamic maps for PVC’s

· Show frame-relay pvc - pvc’s and dlci’s

· Show history - commands entered

· Show hosts - contents of host table

· Show int f0/26 - stats of f0/26

· Show interface Ethernet 0 - show stats of Ethernet 0

· Show ip - ip config of switch

· Show ip access-lists - ip access-lists on switch

· Show ip interface - ip config of interface

· Show ip protocols - routing protocols and timers

· Show ip route - Displays IP routing table

· Show ipx access-lists - same, only ipx

· Show ipx interfaces - RIP and SAP info being sent and received, IPX addresses

· Show ipx route - ipx routes in the table

· Show ipx servers - SAP table

· Show ipx traffic - RIP and SAP info

· Show isdn active - number with active status

· Show isdn status - shows if SPIDs are valid, if connected

· Show mac-address-table - contents of the dynamic table

· Show protocols - routed protocols and net_addresses of interfaces

· Show running-config - dram config file

· Show sessions - connections via telnet to remote device

· Show startup-config - nvram config file

· Show terminal - shows history size

· Show trunk a/b - trunk stat of port 26/27

· Show version - ios info, uptime, address of switch

· Show vlan - all configured vlan’s

· Show vlan-membership - vlan assignments

· Show vtp - vtp configs

CATALYST COMMANDS
For Native IOS - Not CatOS

SWITCH ADDRESS:

· Config# ip address 192.168.10.2 255.255.255.0

· Config# ip default-gateway 192.168.10.1

DUPLEX MODE:

· Config# interface Ethernet 0/5 - “fastethernet” for 100 Mbps ports

· Config-if# duplex full - also, half | auto | full-flow-control

SWITCHING MODE:

· Config# switching-mode store-and-forward - also, fragment-free

MAC ADDRESS CONFIGS:

· Config# mac-address-table permanent aaab.000f.ffef e0/2 - only this mac will work on this port

· Config# mac-address-table restricted static aaab.000f.ffef e0/2 e0/3
-port 3 can only send data out port 2 with that mac
-very restrictive security

· Config-if# port secure max-mac-count 5 - allows only 5 mac addresses mapped to this port

VLANS:

· Config# vlan 10 name FINANCE

· Config# interface Ethernet 0/3

· Config-if# vlan-membership static 10

TRUNK LINKS:

· Config-if# trunk on - also, off | auto | desirable | nonegotiate

· Config-if# no trunk-vlan 2
-removes vlan 2 from the trunk port
-by default, all vlans are set on a trunk port

CONFIGURING VTP:

· Config# delete vtp - should be done prior to adding to a network

· Config# vtp server - the default is server, also client and transparent

· Config# vtp domain Camp - name doesn’t matter, just so all switches use the same

· Config# vtp password 1234 - limited security

· Config# vtp pruning enable - limits vtp broadcasts to only switches affected

· Config# vtp pruning disable

FLASH UPGRADE:

· Config# copy tftp://192.5.5.5/configname.ios opcode - “opcode” for ios upgrade, “nvram” for startup config

DELETE STARTUP CONFIG:

· Config# delete nvram